Understanding Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adulthood

When people hear "fetal alcohol syndrome," they often picture infants. However, babies with FAS grow into children with FAS, and those children become adults who continue living with the condition. What does life look like for adults with fetal alcohol syndrome? The reality might surprise you.

This article covers everything you need to know about fetal alcohol syndrome from pregnancy through adulthood, helping you make informed decisions about alcohol consumption during pregnancy or when planning to conceive.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: A Quick Overview

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) belongs to a group of conditions called fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). All these disorders result from alcohol exposure during pregnancy, with FAS being the most severe form. It's typically characterized by distinct facial features, behavioral issues, and learning difficulties.

The crucial point to understand is that FAS is a lifelong condition that continues to affect individuals as they transition into adulthood.

Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

According to the National Institutes of Health, approximately 1% to 5% of first graders in the United States are affected by FASDs. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism reports that at least 1 in 10 pregnant women consumes alcohol. CDC estimates indicate nearly 1 in every 1,000 live births involves FAS, while 6 to 9 out of every 1,000 school-aged children have the condition.

These children often face multiple challenges including behavioral problems, heart conditions, speech and language delays, and hearing difficulties. They may also experience bullying at school or home, particularly concerning since approximately 70% of children in U.S. foster care have FASDs.

Adults With Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

While symptoms can be managed with proper therapies and treatments, FAS doesn't disappear. Children don't "grow out of" the condition, and without treatment, problems can worsen and multiply.

This doesn't mean individuals with FAS can't achieve success. Many people with FASDs lead successful lives, though the condition affects everyone differently due to its spectrum nature.

Physical Challenges in Adulthood

• Physical abnormalities: Distinct facial features including thin upper lip, small eyes, and low nasal bridge
• Vision and hearing problems: Difficulties that can affect learning and following instructions
• Heart problems: 50% of children born with FAS and 38% with FASDs experience alcohol-induced congenital heart defects that persist into adulthood
• Lower life expectancy: A 2016 study found people with FAS have an average life expectancy of 34 years, significantly lower than the general population

Cognitive Challenges

• Learning disabilities
• Poor memory
• Attention deficits
• Poor judgment and impulse control

Secondary Conditions

As a result of primary FASD symptoms, secondary conditions may develop including:

• Aggression toward others
• Violations of social norms, rules, and laws
• Depression and anxiety
• Inappropriate sexual behavior
• Drug or alcohol dependence

Due to these secondary conditions, many adults with FASDs face challenges with legal issues, maintaining employment, and living independently.

Advocacy and Resources

Fortunately, more resources than ever exist for people navigating FASDs throughout their lives. Professionals across various fields are dedicated to educating, treating, and supporting those with FASDs.

Ongoing Research

The NIAAA continues funding research and projects focused on treating women with alcohol use disorder and preventing FASDs. Notable research centers include:

• The Collaborative Initiative on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (CIFASD)
• New Mexico Alcohol Research Center (NMARC)
• Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center (DEARC)
• Native Center for Alcohol Research and Education (NCARE)

Advocacy Organizations

FASD United, formerly the National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (NOFAS), serves as the primary advocacy group for people with FASDs. They work to prevent prenatal alcohol exposure through public education and support for affected individuals and families.

Breaking the Cycle

The positive news is that FAS and all FASDs are completely preventable. These conditions aren't contagious or genetic anomalies—they result solely from alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Prevention involves avoiding all alcohol and harmful substances during pregnancy, and it's never too late to stop drinking during pregnancy.

For those struggling with alcohol use disorder, hope exists for positive change. Consider these steps:

• Get informed: Learn about FASDs and their impacts
• Get help: Reach out for support through local organizations or apps like Quitemate
• Get moving: Regular exercise helps reduce cravings and improve mental health
• Get creative: Develop new hobbies and interests
• Get mindful: Practice mindfulness exercises to reduce stress
• Get involved: Volunteer or donate to organizations supporting the FASD community

Final Thoughts

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, particularly FAS, create lasting impacts from childhood through adulthood. While the condition can't be reversed, it can be managed and prevented in future pregnancies. Ongoing research and strong support networks exist to help individuals and families affected by FASDs. By avoiding alcohol throughout pregnancy, we can break the cycle of FASDs. Whether you're living with FASDs or concerned about pregnancy, support is available at every stage.