Medications to Help Stop Drinking: A Guide

Cutting back on alcohol or quitting entirely can be challenging, especially for those with regular drinking habits or who rely on alcohol to cope with physical or emotional discomfort. Fortunately, various tools and treatments can support this journey—including medication. Here’s a look at some common medications used to help people stop drinking.

Common Medications to Stop Drinking

Four medications are frequently used to treat alcohol use disorder (AUD): naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram, and topiramate. Let’s explore each one.

Naltrexone

Naltrexone (brand name Vivitrol) is a popular FDA-approved medication for moderate to severe AUD. It works by reducing alcohol cravings and blocking the rewarding effects of alcohol. Studies show it’s especially effective for people who have already stopped drinking for at least four days before starting treatment.

• Forms: Daily pill or monthly injection
• Duration: Often recommended for at least one year
• Common side effects: Nausea, appetite changes, headache, dizziness, restlessness
• Serious risks: Liver damage, depression, suicidal thoughts—avoid if you have liver failure or acute hepatitis

Acamprosate

Acamprosate is another FDA-approved option for moderate to severe AUD, often used by people who can’t take naltrexone. It helps rebalance brain chemicals (GABA and glutamate) that are disrupted by heavy drinking.

• Dosage: Two tablets, three times daily
• Effectiveness: Works best after you’ve stopped drinking
• Common side effects: Diarrhea, insomnia, anxiety, fatigue, depression, dizziness
• Note: Not recommended for those with severe kidney damage

Disulfiram

Disulfiram (Antabuse) is the oldest FDA-approved AUD medication. It discourages drinking by causing unpleasant symptoms—like flushing, nausea, and palpitations—if alcohol is consumed.

• How it works: Blocks alcohol breakdown in the liver
• Effectiveness: May work best when taken under supervision
• Common side effects: Numbness, skin irritation, headache, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction—often improve after two weeks
• Serious risks: Liver damage, psychosis, nerve issues

Topiramate

Though FDA-approved for seizures and migraines, topiramate is also used off-label for AUD. It helps rebalance brain chemicals and reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

• Evidence: Studies show it reduces heavy drinking days and cravings
• Forms: Tablet or sprinkle capsule
• Common side effects: Nausea, headache, dizziness, drowsiness, tingling sensations, taste changes, memory issues
• Serious risks: Eye problems, skin reactions, suicidal thoughts, metabolic acidosis

Key Takeaways

Naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram, and topiramate are proven options to help reduce or stop drinking. Naltrexone and acamprosate are especially popular and effective. Always consult a healthcare professional to find the right medication for your needs.

Remember, support is available. Quitemate has helped millions cut back on alcohol and improve their health and well-being.